Phytochemical compositions, antimicrobial activities, and thin layer chromatography analysis of aqueous, and methanol extracts of Tectona grandis leaf

Background: Teak (Tectona grandis) from the family Verbenaceae/Lamiaceae is indigenous to India, other tropical countries, and one of the naturally discovered plants to be known by scientists due to its high potential and effectiveness in disease preventive and curative action. The present study evaluated the phytochemical composition, anti-microbial activity of methanol and aqueous extract of Tectona grandis leaf, and characterized the extracts using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Methods: The phytochemical, anti-microbial activity thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis was conducted using established protocols. Results: The results revealed that the methanol extract of teak plant leaves contains steroids, tannins, saponin, coumarin, protein, carbohydrates, alkaloids, diterpenes, phytosterol, phlobatannin while the aqueous extract contains tannins, saponin, coumarin, protein, carbohydrate, alkaloid, diterpenes, phytosterol, and phlobatannins. The methanol extract of Tectona grandis showed the highest activity on S. epidermasis (14mm) and against S.aureus (10mm) at a concentration of 40mg/ml followed by the activities of aqueous extract of teak plant leaf against Candida Albicans (8mm) at a concentration of 40mg/ml. The extract had no inhibitory effect at all other concentrations. Conclusion: The result confirmed that Tectona grandis contain several bioactive phytochemicals that can be explored for the treatment of pathogenic microorganism.